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Saint Patrick (Latin: Patricius; Irish: Pádraig [ˈpˠɑːɾˠɪɟ] or [ˈpˠɑːɾˠɪɟ] or [ˈpˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ]; Welsh: Padrig) was a fifth-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop of Ireland. Known as the ‘Apostle of Ireland’, he is Ireland’s main saint, other saints being Brigid of Kildare and Columba. Patrick was never formally canonized.
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Who lived in these matters before the currt laws of the Catholic Church. However, he is canonized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Church of Ireland, and the Eastern Orthodox Church, where he is considered equal and superior to the apostles of Ireland.
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The dates of Patrick’s life cannot be determined with certainty, but there is general agreement that he was active as a missionary in Ireland in the fifth century. Direct translation
According to a tradition dating back to the early Middle Ages, Patrick was the first Bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland and is credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland and converting a pagan society. He has since been highly respected, despite the arguments of some Christian leaders.
According to Patrick’s autobiographical Confessio, when he was about six years old, he was captured from his home in Britain by Irish pirates and became an Irish slave. He wrote that he lived there as a herder for six years before escaping and returning to his family. After becoming a priest, he returned to spread Christianity in Northern and Western Ireland. Later in life he served as a bishop, but little is known about where he worked. In the seventh century, he was revered as the patron saint of Ireland.
His feast day is March 17, the probable date of his death. It is celebrated in Ireland and among the Irish diaspora as a religious and cultural holiday. In the dioceses of Ireland, it is both a solemnity and a holy day of commitment.
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Two Latin works are extant, widely used by St. Patrick. This is the Declaration (Latin: Confessio)
The declaration is the more descriptive of the two. In it, Patrick gave a brief account of his life and mission. Most of the available details of his life come from later hagiographies and chronicles, which are of great value but lacking today from scholars of empiricism.
The only mention of his name in his writings is PATRICICEAS [PAYTRATIC.ki.ki.ks] to Patrick; Scottish Gaelic: Pàdraig; Welsh: Padraig; Cornish: Petroc.
Hagiography records other names he is said to have had. In the seventh lecture of Tirekhan’s “Collectaneia” it is said: “Magonus, that is famous; Sukket, meaning the god of war; Patrician, that is, the father of citizens; Kotirtiak, because he served the four houses of the Druids.’
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Cotirtiacus also appears in an 8th-century biographical poem as Cotrage, known as Hymn Fiac and various other spellings elsewhere, and is thought to represent early Irish: * Qatrikias, though this is disputed. Harvey notes that Cotridge “takes the form of a classic Old Irish clan (and hence place)”, noting that Eil Coitridge is the name of the Rock of Cashel, and that the place names Cothrug and Cotridge are attested in counties Antrim and Carlow.
The date of Patrick’s life is unknown; There are conflicting traditions about the year of his death. His own writings provide no evidence for a more precise date than the 5th century. His Bible accounts are a mixture of Old Latin and the Vulgate, completed in the early 5th century, suggesting that he wrote “in a transitional phase from Old Latin to the Vulgate.”
Fifth-century Irish records date Patrick’s arrival in Ireland in 432, but they date the mid-sixth century at the earliest.
The date 432 was probably chosen to minimize the contribution of Palladius, who is known to have been consecrated in Ireland in 431, and to maximize Patrick’s contribution.
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Various dates are given for his death. In 457 “Patrick the Elder” (Irish: Patraic S) is said to have died: this may refer to the death of Palladius, who was also called Patrick according to the Book of Armagh.
In 492/3, they note the death of “Patrick, archbishop and apostle) Scotti”, March 17, at the age of 120 years.
Accept the earlier date of s. 460 for Patrick’s death, scholars of early Irish history prefer another date, c. 493. Confirming the latter date, he notes that in 553 “Patrick’s remains were placed in the tomb of Colum Cile, sixty years after his death” (emphasis added).
And the early hagiographies “all associate Patrick with a people whose waters occur in the fifth or early sixth century”.
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However, E. A. Thompson argues that none of the dates for Patrick’s death in the Annals are reliable.
Patrick was born during Roman rule in Britain. His place of birth is by no means known; some traditions place it in the present gland – one identifies it as Glannowta (modern Rawglass in Cumbria). In 1981, Thomas discussed the site of Birdoswald, twenty miles (32 km) east of Carlisle on Hadrian’s Wall. Thomas 1981, p. 310–14. In 1993, Paor described it as “[probably near] Carlisle”. There was a Roman town in Northamptonshire called Bannawta, phonetically similar to Bannavem Taburniae mentioned in Patrick’s Confession, but it was probably too far from the sea.
Claims have also been made about earlier Scottish locations, and the Catholic Encyclopedia states that Patrick was born in Kilpatrick, Scotland.
Patrick’s father, Calpurnius, is described as a decurion (Sator and publican) of an unknown Romano-British city, and as a deacon; his grandfather Potitus was a priest from Bonav Tabernia.
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According to the Confession of St. Patrick, at the age of six, he was taken prisoner by a group of Irish pirates from his family’s Villa at “Bannavem Taburniae”.
They took him to Ireland, where he was a slave and a prisoner for six years. Patrick writes in Confession
That the period of his captivity was very important for his spiritual development. He explained that God took pity on his youth and ignorance and allowed him to be forgiven of his sins and converted to Christianity. While in captivity, he worked as a shepherd and through prayer he strengthened his relationship with God, which led to his conversion to Christianity.
After six years of captivity, he heard a voice that told him that he would come home soon and that his ship was ready. He ran away from his master and went to a port two hundred miles away.
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Where he found a ship and with difficulty persuaded the captain to take him. After a three-day voyage, they probably landed in Britain and apparently all abandoned ship and wandered the “wilderness” for 28 days, starving to death. Patrick’s account of escaping slavery and returning home to Britain is told in his Declaration.
Since it was not long after that Patrick called them to believe in God, his reputation in the group increased greatly. After various adventures, he returned home to his family, now in his early twenties.
I saw a man coming, he looked like he was from Ireland. His name was Victorique and he had many letters with him and he gave one of them to me. I read the headline: “The Irish Voice.” As I began the letter, I thought to my mother that I heard the voices of the people themselves, near the wood of Phokluth, which is on the shore of the western sea, and they cried out with one voice: “We beseech you. Holy servant who has come. , walked with us”.[35]
A.B.E. Hood suggests that Victoricus’ vision of St. Patrick can be identified with St. Victricius, bishop of Roux in the late fourth century, who visited Britain in an official capacity in 396.
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Patrick studied in Europe mainly in Auxerre, but is believed to have visited Marmoutiers, Tours and received his tonsure at Lerins Abbey. Saint Germanus of Auxerre, bishop of the Western Church, ordained him to the priesthood.
According to JB Bury, his landing place is Wicklow, Co. Wicklow, on the banks of the river Inver-dea, now called Vartry.
Bury suggests that Wicklow was also the port from which Patrick escaped after his six-year captivity, although he provides only concrete evidence to support this.
According to tradition, the locals did not welcome Patrick and he had to leave and find a more pleasant landing place in the north. He rested for a few days on the islands off the coast of Skerry, one of which still retains the name of Inis-Patrick. The first temple that Patrick dedicated to Saul. Soon after, Bean (or Bignus), the son of the chief of Sexn, joined Patrick’s group.
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