What Is The Back Part Of The Foot Called – A solid understanding of anatomy is essential for successfully diagnosing and treating patients with feet and ankles. Anatomy is a road map. Most structures in the foot are very superficial and can be easily palpated. Anatomical structures (tendons, bones, joints, etc.) are damaged precisely at the site of injury or inflammation. Therefore, a basic understanding of surface anatomy allows the clinician to quickly identify or at least narrow down the differential diagnosis. For conditions that require surgery, a detailed understanding of anatomy is critical to successfully performing the procedure without damaging vital structures. With a good understanding of foot anatomy, it becomes clear what surgical approaches can be used in different areas of the foot and ankle.
There are various anatomical structures that make up the anatomy of the foot and ankle (Figure 1): bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and nerves. They will be discussed in sections of this chapter.
What Is The Back Part Of The Foot Called
It usually refers to the area between the knee and the ankle, and this area is important for the function of the foot.
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It begins at the ankle joint and ends at the transverse tarsal joint (talar and calcaneus cuboid joints). The bones of the hind foot are the talus and calcaneus.
It begins at the transverse tarsal joint and ends at the tarsal metatarsal (TMT) joint, where the metatarsal begins. If the metatarsus has more joints than the hindfoot, the range of motion of those joints is limited. The five bones in the metatarsal consist of the metatarsal, cuboid, and three bones (medial, medial, and lateral).
Consists of the metatarsals, phalanges and navicular bones. The bones that make up the shoe are the last to leave the ground when walking. The forefoot has twenty-one bones: five metatarsals, fourteen phalanges, and two sesamoids. The big toe has only a proximal and distal phalanx, but four
Each has middle, middle, and distal phalanges smaller than the big toe. Two navicular bones are attached to the tendons of the flexor digitorum brevis, below the first metatarsal bone at the level of the big toe joint (metatarsophalangeal joint I).
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The leg is sometimes depicted as two columns (Fig. 3). The medial column is more compact and consists of the talus, metatarsal, medial tibia, first metatarsal, and big toe. The lateral column is stronger and includes the calcaneus, cuboid, and the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
The foot consists of 28 bones (Fig. 1). Where two bones meet, they are supported by strong ligaments. It is useful to think of the joints of the foot in terms of their movement (Table 1). Several joints are very mobile and are necessary for the proper functioning of the foot from a biomechanical point of view. These are often called
Joints. There are joints that move moderately, and there are other joints that stick firmly to strong joints. These immobile joints are sometimes called
Joints. .
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The leg is attached to the body by the tibia and fibula, called the talus. In a normal foot, the tibia is responsible for supporting 85% of the body weight. The fibula receives the remaining 15%; its main role is to act as the side wall of the heel (Fig. 4). The tibia and fibula are held together by the tibiofibular complex, a collection of 5 ligaments. The protuberance on the medial side of the distal tibia is called the medial malleolus; the distal part of the fibula is called the lateral malleolus.
The talus is the top (nearest) bone of the foot. Because it connects to many other bones, 70% of the talus is covered in hyaline cartilage (articular cartilage). It connects to the ankle bone
. These joints allow the foot to rotate around the talus. First, because there are no attached tendons and most of the surface is cartilage, the blood supply to the talus is relatively poor. The lack of a reliable blood supply means injuries to this bone take longer to heal than other bones, and some injuries may not heal at all.
The thallus usually consists of three parts: trunk, head and neck (Fig. 5). The body of the talus, which is roughly square in shape and rests on the arch, connects the talus to the lower leg at the wrist. The head of the talus is attached
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. The talus neck is located between the trunk and the head of the talus. The neck of the talus is one of the few areas not covered by cartilage and is therefore the entry point for the blood vessels that supply the talus.
The heel bone is often referred to as the calcaneus. The calcaneus is the largest bone in the foot and together with the talus forms the area of the foot known as the hind foot. There are three hinges (anterior, middle, and posterior) on the upper surface of the calcaneus that allow the talus to sit on top of the calcaneus and
(Fig. 6) The fifth metatarsal/lesser foot is slightly closed laterally. This lateral position allows for greater flexibility in flipping/flexing (bending). The
Square bone on the side of the leg. Base connection formed by a cuboid
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. As with the talus, the blood supply in the sea is low. On the medial side (closest to the center of the foot), the main appendage is the marine tubercle
Not a true joint, but a combination of the calcaneocuboid and talomandibular joints. When these two joints are parallel, the foot is flexible, but if their axes are not aligned, the foot is stiff. The transition from flexible to rigid allows the foot to act as a shock absorber and rigid platform during the various phases of walking.
There are three bones in the foot: medial, medial (intermediate) and lateral (Fig. 7). These dice are accompanied by powerful men
Each foot has five metatarsals, 1-5 on the medial side (big toe). On average, the first three metatarsals are stiffer than the two lateral ones. The metatarsus is located at the base of the metatarsal, called the joint
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. The TMT joint is stabilized not only by the strong ligaments that hold these bones together, but also by the fact that the second metatarsal is mid-thigh relative to the others (Figure 7). The metatarsal heads are the main bearing and articulating surfaces of the phalanges
There are three. They are called the proximal phalanx (closest to the ankle) and the distal phalanx (farthest from the ankle). The phalanges form interphalangeal joints: a
The foot has two navicular bones located below the head of the first metatarsal, the medial (tibia) and the lateral (fibula).
These extra dice are growth options. The foot has been reported to have over 40 different ossicles. The most common extra bones are:
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This ossicle, located on the posterior side of the talus, is connected to the talus by fibrous connective tissue between the lateral tubercles of the posterior process. Os trigonum occurs in about 10% of the population.
This means that the bone is unable to connect the center of rotation of the tibial tubercle (where the posterior tibial tendon attaches) to the base of the bone. It occurs in about 15% of the population.
This extra bone is located inside the long peroneal tendon sheath where it is covered by cuboid bone. This has been reported in approximately 20% of patients.
It occurs when one of the sesamoids joins the big toe to form two bony segments connected by a fibrous joint. This can be confused with a sesamoid fracture. Bilateral sesamoids occur in approximately 20% of the population, of which more than 90% occur in the tibial sesamoid.
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This extra bone comes in the form of the fibula. A tear can be confused with a fracture. It occurs in 1-2% of the population.
The anterior talofibular ligament (Fig. 10) is the most commonly injured ligament in an ankle sprain. The ATFL runs down the front of the distal fibula (lateral malleolus) and out of the ankle to attach to the neck of the talus. It stabilizes the shoe against tipping, especially in the case of plantar flexion of the heel.
The fibular calcaneal ligament (Figure 10) is located on the lateral side of the ankle. Starting at the tip of the fibula, it moves along the side of the ankle and calcaneus. The opposite is also true, but when there are more
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