What Is The Bottom Of Your Foot Called – The smooth skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found on other parts of the body, and has a high concentration of sweat pores. The sole contains the thickest layers of skin on the body due to the weight that is constantly placed on it. It is cut by a series of folds that form in the early stages of embryonic development. Like those on the palm, the sweat pores of the soles of the feet do not have sebaceous glands.
The sole of the foot is a sensory organ through which we can perceive the ground while standing and walking. The subcutaneous tissue in the sole has adapted to cope with the high local pressure forces on the heel and ball (between the toes and the arch) by developing a “pressure chamber” system. Each chamber consists of inner fibrofatty tissue covered by outer collagenous connective tissue. The septa (inner walls) of these chambers are penetrated by numerous blood vessels, making them one of the most vascular or blood-rich regions in the human body.
What Is The Bottom Of Your Foot Called
The sole and longitudinal arch of the foot are supported by thick connective tissue, the plantar fascia. The central component of this tissue extends to the supporting bones and gives two divisions – the medial component and the lateral component; thus they define the boundaries of the three muscle compartments of the sole (see below).
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The bones under the sole form the arch of the foot. Arches can collapse later in life, resulting in flat feet.
In the first layer, the flexor digitorum brevis is a large central muscle located directly above the plantar aponeurosis. It flexes the second to fifth toes and is surrounded by the abductor hallucis and the abductor digiti minimi.
In the second layer, the quadratus plantae, located below the flexor digitorum brevis, inserts into the todon longus flexor digitorum, where the lumbrical bones arise.
In the third layer, the oblique head of the adductor hallucis joins the transverse head of the muscle on the lateral side of the big toe. Medial to the adductor hallucis are the two heads of the flexor hallucis brevis, deep to the tone of the flexor hallucis longus. The much smaller flexor digiti minimi brevis on the lateral side can be mistaken for one of the interosseous bones.
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In the fourth layer. the dorsal and plantar interossei are located between and below the metatarsal bones and act as antagonists.
The central compartment is divided by the lumbrical, quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis and adductor hallucis; medial compartment with abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis and oppons digiti minimi (often considered part of the former muscle); while the lateral compartment is occupied by extsor digitorum brevis and extsor hallucis brevis.
The soles of the feet are extremely sensitive to touch due to the high concentration of nerves, as many as 200,000 per sole.
This makes them sensitive to walking on surfaces, ticklish, and some consider them erogenous zones.
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Medically, the soles of the feet are the site of the plantar reflex, which can be painful to examine due to the sensitivity of the soles.
The deep fibular nerve of the common fibular nerve provides sciatic innervation of the skin between the first and second toes and motor innervation of the muscles of the foreleg and dorsal foot. Damage to the deep fibular nerve can lead to foot drop.
The plantar digital nerves from the medial plantar nerve provide sensory innervation to the skin of the plantar aspect of the toes, except for the medial part of the big toe and lateral part of the little toe and motor innervation of the first lumbar.
The corresponding plantar nerve of the common plantar digital nerve provides soric innervation to the plantar surface of the toes as well as the dorsal aspect of the distal interphalangeal phalanges. It also provides motor innervation to the flexor hallucis brevis.
Plantar Fasciitis Or Plantar Fascia Tear
Superficial and deep branches of the lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve provide cutaneous innervation to the skin of the lateral side of the toes, the fifth and half of the fourth toe, and the nails of these toes. They also provide motor innervation to the quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, the three lateral lumbars, adductor hallucis, and the dorsal and plantar interossei.
The medial plantar nerve of the tibial nerve provides psoriatic innervation to the skin of the medial side of the toes, the skin of the medial three and a half toes, and the nails of these toes. It also provides motor innervation to the abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the first lumbar.
The saphenous nerve from the femoral nerve provides sciatic innervation to the medial side of the foot as well as to the medial side of the leg. Similarly, the sural nerve provides psoriatic innervation to the skin on the lateral side of the foot, as well as to the skin on the back of the lower leg.
The tibial nerve of the sciatic nerve provides sciatic innervation to the skin of the toes and fingers, and to the dorsal part of the fingers. It provides motor innervation to the plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus as well as the back muscles of the leg.
What’s Causing Those Swollen Feet?
In Thailand, Saudi Arabia and some Muslim countries, lifting the leg so that the sole of the foot is exposed is considered offensive and therefore taboo.
In chimpanzees, the soles of the feet are grooved with deeper and more pronounced folds than on the palms. On the palms, the density of the pattern is thickest in the middle part, but on the sole, the density is thickest at the big toe, while much of the rest of the tongue is covered with thick, rigid and smooth skin with almost no furrows.
In bonobos, the pattern intensity of the epidermal ridges (ie, “fingerprints”) of the palms and soles is significantly greater than in chimpanzees. While the pattern intensity on the palm is the highest among all monkey species, the density on the tongue decreases and is comparable to other monkeys. Foot pain can be mild to severe. This pain is often described as pain in the ball of the foot below the big toe. Image of feet while walking There are several causes that can be solved in different ways. First consider the anatomy of the foot. The ball of the foot is the area where the toes attach to the foot. These are the heads of the metatarsal bones. There are 5 metatarsal bones that run from the middle of the foot to the toes. They help shape the arches of the feet and help support the weight of the body when walking and standing.
When you wear shoes that are tight around the foot, the bones of the foot can be compressed. Between the bones there are nerves that can become irritated and cause pain. This is called metatarsalgia.
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A painful nerve bundle can also develop between the bones of the foot. This is called Morton’s neuroma. It can also be irritated by tight shoes.
There are also small bones under the ball of the foot on the 1st toe called the sesamoid bones. These bones help provide a better angle for the foot ligaments and tendons under the toes. Sesamoid bones can be injured or broken. This can cause severe pain in the foot when standing and walking. Sesamoid inflammation can also lead to the more chronic condition of sesamoiditis.
Plantar fascia can cause pain in the ball of the foot, but it usually causes pain in the heel area. The plantar fascia extends from the heel (calcaneum) to the big toe. To learn more about plantar fasciitis, watch this video from Dr. Vosseller.
Bunions can cause pain in the lower part of the foot. A bunion is a bony point that protrudes from the big toe on the inside of the foot. This is a deformity of the joint where the foot joins the big toe. This can happen if you wear tight shoes or heels. Severe cases may require surgery to correct the problem.
What Is Plantar Fasciitis?
If you want to learn more about foot anatomy, this VIDEO can help or you can read this article about plantar fasciitis.
For some people, foot pain may go away quickly. It depends on the weight. Being overweight can affect the amount of force on the foot and affect healing time. It can also lead to arch pain. Resting the foot initially can improve it faster.
JOI Physicians continues to offer new patient appointments online. This is another option that makes it easier to schedule new patient appointments with less time on the phone. Follow the link below to select and schedule your JOI MD online. The foot and ankle have multiple tendons that run from the shin to the foot. This includes the peroneus tendons as well as the extensor tendons. Tendons are bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendons which
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