What Was The Capital Of Ancient Greece

What Was The Capital Of Ancient Greece – Although every effort has been made to follow the rules of citation style, some inconsistencies may appear. If you have questions, consult the appropriate style guide or other resources.

Explore the early history of Athens, the origin of many Western intellectual and artistic concepts, including democracy

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What Was The Capital Of Ancient Greece

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Greek Architecture: Everything You Need To Know

Athens, Greece Athens, city (pop., 2001: 745, 514), capital of Greece. It is located inland on the Saronic Gulf in eastern Greece near its port of Piraeus. As the origin of many Western intellectual and artistic concepts, including democracy, Athens is generally considered the birthplace of Western civilization. An ancient city-state, it began to strengthen its influence by the 6th century BC. It was destroyed by Xerxes in 480 BC, but reconstruction began immediately. Under Pericles in 450 BC, it reached the height of its commercial wealth and cultural and political dominance, and over the next 40 years many major construction projects were completed, including the Acropolis and the Parthenon. Athens’ “Golden Age” saw the works of philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; playwrights Sophocles, Aristophanes and Euripides; historians Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon; and the painters Praxiteles and Phidias. The Peloponnesian wars ended with Sparta losing Athens in 404, but she quickly regained her independence and wealth. After 338 BC, Athens came under Macedonian hegemony, which was removed by Rome in 197 BC at the Battle of Cynocephala. It was conquered by Rome in 146 BC. In the 13th century, Athens was conquered by the Crusaders. It was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1456 and they occupied this country until 1833, when it was declared the capital of independent Greece. Athens is the main business and foreign trade center of Greece. The ruins of the city and several museums make it a major tourist attraction. It was chosen to host the 2004 Olympic Games. Although every effort has been made to follow the rules of citation style, some inconsistencies may appear. If you have questions, consult the appropriate style guide or other resources.

Athens, Modern Greek Afinai, Ancient Greek Athenai, historical city and capital of Greece. Many of the intellectual and artistic ideas of classical civilization began there, and the city is generally considered the birthplace of Western civilization.

Athens is located 5 miles (8 km) from the Gulf of Phaleron, the entrance to the Aegean Sea (Aigayon), where the port of Athens, Piraeus (Piraeus), is located, in a mountainous basin divided from north to right. . a range of mountains. Greater Athens has an area of 165 square miles (427 square kilometers). The Kifisos River, only in summer, flows through the western half; The Ilizos River, which is mostly dry, crosses the eastern half. The surrounding mountains are Parnis, 4,636 feet (1,413 meters); Pentelicus (Pendeli), 3, 631 feet; Hymettos (Imittós), 3, 365 feet; and Aigaleon, 1,535 feet – adding to the idea of barrenness. But such speculation pales in comparison to Athens’ legacy to the world in philosophy, architecture, literature, and political ideas.

Greek Architectural Orders

Athens, with its tall buildings and modern shops, is the first European city to emerge from the Middle East. Coming from the West, from elsewhere in Europe, what strikes the visitor is the influence of the East – food, music and busy street life – perhaps the remnants of the era when Athens was separated from European society under the Ottoman yoke. the rule. Nevertheless, it is wrong to say that Athens is a mixture of East and West: it is Greek and, in particular, Athenian. After all, the city nurtured Western civilization thousands of years ago. Athens remains on the world stage to this day.

In particular, in 2004, the world came to town for the Olympic Games, which prompted major changes for Athens. Along with the construction of many new sports fields and facilities (including a stadium designed by Santiago Calatrava), Athens undertook major improvements to its transport infrastructure, including a major expansion of public transport and the construction of a new international airport.

About three centuries after the death of Pericles (429 BC), the Athenians entered a period of slavery that lasted almost 2,000 years. The town was liberated in 1833, and over the next 170 years it was the scene of more than a dozen rebellions, another brutal invasion from abroad, and a particularly brutal civil war. This long history of passion and suffering greatly influenced Athena’s character. At the heart of this character is an uncompromising will to live, supported by deep loyalty (especially to family) and patriotism. The Greek Orthodox Church, ruled by a synod sitting in Athens, was the main force in preserving the Greek language, customs and literature, such things were banned and many still support him.

A thousand years of tyranny, instead of driving the Athenians into absurdity, had sharpened their intelligence and made them hard but soft, while centuries of privacy had only warmed and generously preserve A long tradition, preserved even in the colonial era, showed and encouraged a taste for rich speech. In fact, the poetic impulse to make a good story better leads to a great proliferation in everyday conversation, a strong sense of personal and family honor and the spoiling of children. The old heroes were also vain about themselves and their honor, and they wanted to conquer the enemy as well as fight against him.

Top Sights In Athens

Athens has a pleasant climate: cold is rare (the lowest temperature is 32°F or 0°C) and snow is rare, and summers are hot (the highest temperature is 99°F or 37°C) . a dry, fresh wind from the northeast often blows during the day. The nights are cool. The city’s climate allowed for outdoor activities all year round and had a significant impact on both the architectural style and the city’s life and political institutions. This article is about the ancient city-state. For modern Sparta, see Sparta, Laconia. For other details, see Sparta (disambiguation).

“Spartan” redirects here. For more information, see Spartan language. For the mythical people associated with Ares, see Spartai.

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Lacedaemon empty. Located on Terapne Hill on the left bank of the Evrotas River, overlooking the future site of Dorian Sparta, is the site of the Melaion, an ancient sanctuary of Hel and Melaus built in a Bronze Age city. Along the valley, the rolling ridges of Mount Tayget can be seen.

Most Remarkable Ancient Greek Ruins

It was the capital-state of Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was called Lacedaemon (Lakedaemon, Lacedaímōn), and the name Sparta referred to the main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia in the south-east of the Peloponnese .

Due to its military superiority, Sparta was recognized as the main force of the unified Greek army during the Greco-Persian Wars in competition with the growing naval power of Athens.

After the battle of Aegospotami, he won. The decisive Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Spartan hegemony, although the city-state retained its political independence until it was incorporated into the Achaean League in 192 BC. Nevertheless, the city gained a lot of autonomy after the Roman conquest of Greece in 146 BC and flourished during the Roman Empire, as its ancient customs attracted many Roman tourists. However, Sparta was sacked by the Visigothic king Alaric in 396 BC and suffered a long decline, especially in the Middle Ages, when many of its citizens migrated to Mystras. Modern day Sparta is the capital of the southern Greek region of Laconia and was used for citrus and olive processing.

Sparta was unique in ancient Greece in its social order and constitution, allegedly introduced by the semi-legendary jurist Lycurgus. His laws directed Spartan society to develop military skills at all costs, and to focus all social institutions on military training and physical development. The population of Sparta was divided into spartans (full citizens), motaks (non-Spartans), perioikoi (free non-Spartans) and helots (non-Spartan people enslaved by the state). The Spartans had a strict training system, and the Spartan phalanx forces were considered among the best in battle. A Spartan woman had more rights than in classical antiquity.

The Death Penalty In Athens

Sparta was often very interested in Western culture during its time, as well as after the revival of classical education. The Sparta wonder

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